Outline of civil war (1992–96) War over Kabul (28 April 1992–93) įor background on the start of the fighting, and on the interim government, see Afghan Civil War (1989–1992) § Militias fight in Kabul (24–27 April).įighting and rivalry over Kabul had started on 25 April 1992, involving six armies: Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin, Jamiat-e Islami, Harakat-i-Inqilab-i-Islami, Ittehad-e Islami, Hezb-i Wahdat and Junbish-i Milli. Several mujahideen groups proclaimed the establishment of the Islamic State of Afghanistan on 28 April 1992 with Sibghatullah Mojaddedi as acting President, but this never attained real authority over Afghanistan. This ignited a civil war between five or six rival armies, most of them backed by foreign states. The other mujahideen groups also entered Kabul, on 24 April, to prevent Hekmatyar from taking over the city and the country. Hekmatyar moved his troops to Kabul, and was allowed into the town soon after 17 April. But one group, the Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin led by Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, presumably supported and directed by Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI), did not join the negotiations and announced to conquer Kabul alone. Several mujahideen parties started negotiations to form a national coalition government. On 16 April 1992 Afghan President Mohammad Najibullah stepped down and the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan was dissolved.

The Democratic Republic of Afghanistan quickly collapsed in 1992 after the Russian Federation halted its support to it.

Main article: Afghan Civil War (1989–1992)

3.4 Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin / Pakistan's ISI.

2.3 War spreads throughout Afghanistan and the rise of the Taliban (1995–96).

Fighting would continue in the following years between the now-dominant Taliban and the newly-formed Northern Alliance, in the 1996-2001 Afghan Civil War. In late 1994, the Taliban captured Kandahar, in 1995 they took Herat, in early September 1996 they took Jalalabad, and by late September 1996 they captured Kabul. In 1995–96, a new militia, the Taliban, supported by Pakistan and its ISI, had grown to be the strongest force. By mid-1994, Kabul's population of two million had fallen to 500,000. The following years, several times some of those militant groups formed coalitions, but mostly broke them again. After four months, already half a million residents of Kabul had fled the heavily bombarded city. On 25 April 1992, a civil war had ignited between three, later five or six, mujahideen armies, when Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin led by Gulbuddin Hekmatyar and supported by Pakistan’s Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) refused to form a coalition government with other mujahideen groups and tried to conquer Kabul for themselves. The 1992–1996 Afghan Civil War took place between 28 April 1992-the date a new interim Afghan government was supposed to replace the Republic of Afghanistan of President Mohammad Najibullah-and the Taliban's conquest of Kabul establishing the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan on 27 September 1996.

Islamic State–Taliban conflict (2015–present).

Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin (until late 1994)

Grave mistreatment of civilians (rape, murder, looting, extortion).

Thousands of civilians killed, millions driven from their homes, Kabul heavily damaged.

Taliban take control of Kabul and most of Afghanistan, and establishment of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan.

The collapse of the Islamic State of Afghanistan.

Cineplay power politics 1992